SoCal Swordfight 2025

Tournament Rules

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General Tournament Rules

This document provides the rules common to all tournaments. This is meant to serve as a minimum standard. Each tournament will have additional rules covering quality standards, scoring actions, and illegal actions.

Rules are subject to change up to the commencement of the tournament.

Event Goals

At a high level, the goal of SoCal Swordfight tournaments is to showcase fencing which:

Every year (we) the organizers hear “this is amazing, you have a huge event and yet everyone feels chill as if it is a much smaller community” and we want to keep it this way. We can all fight hard, strive for victory, and still come out better friends than when we started.

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Forbidden Actions

Any strike thrown with unrestrained force on the part of the attacker. Competitive martial arts fighting involves throwing forceful strikes with full intent to make contact, however each competitor is expected to maintain a respect for their opponent’s safety at all times. Should a safety issue arise, a fighter must do everything in their power to arrest their strike in progress.

High amplitude throws and leg locks/wraps are prohibited in all tournaments. (Please refer to individual tournament rules to see if throws are permitted in any particular tournament.) A high amplitude throw is defined as any takedown action which either:

Directors WILL take into account the size difference between competitors when determining if sufficient control was demonstrated in a throw. If you are much larger than your opponent you are expected to be able to lower them down gently.

The ankle/foot is off target in all tournaments.

Exposing the spine or back of the head to the opponent. Note that if your opponent does expose such targets it is still your responsibility to do what you can to arrest the power of your strike.

Kicks are not permitted. (Raising your leg between you and your opponent to keep or expand separation is not a kick, so long as you don’t have a strong impact or deliver a violent shove.)

Repetitive punching is not permitted. However, mask punches or pushes to control the opponent’s head prior to a valid scoring action are allowed. (Any action with excessive force is a penalty.)

Mordschlag’ style attacks (hits with the hilt) not permitted.

Throwing the sword or any other object.

Individual weapon tournaments may have additional rules in place. Be sure to read the rules for any tournaments you are entered in.

A dog may not participate in sword fighting matches.

Ring Outs

Should both of a fighter's feet leave the ring, a hold will be called and they will receive a non-safety penalty for a ring out (-1 pt). Should a fighter ring out with such speed that they leave the immediate ring area, they will receive a safety penalty.

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Match Conduct

This is a martial arts tournament and all fighters are expected to conduct themselves with respect for the weapon, their opponent, and the tournament staff. Any fighter that is deemed to pose a danger to themselves or others will be addressed at the discretion of the tournament director.

The tournament director will serve as the ultimate authority within the ring. The disciplinary procedure will generally constitute first a yellow card (warning), then a red card (penalty), then an expulsion from the match or tournament; however, it shall remain at the discretion of the director. Fighters who have been banned from attendance of previous SoCal Swordfight tournaments, or from other major HEMA tournaments, must contact staff before attempting to register for any tournaments.

Self-Calls

Fighters are able, and encouraged, to self-call attacks received; however, this is not required. A fighter who self-calls is only able to provide information to the match director, who may choose to use or discard the information as appropriate (eg, if the attack was flat). A fighter may only self-call in a manner which rewards their opponent. Valid self-calls are:

Penalties

Penalties will be assessed as Safety or non-Safety. Safety penalties are escalating in nature, and follow the following escalation:

  1. Yellow Card - Warning
  2. Red Card - Point(s) deduction
  3. Black Card - Match forfeit
  4. Expulsion from the tournament

Based on the severity of the infraction a director may choose to skip steps of escalation. Safety penalties are tracked across all tournaments and the director will base the escalation of the first offense based on the fighter’s prior safety record.

Non-Safety penalties are point deductions, and do not result in any escalation or disciplinary action.

Any fight who is awarded a penalty will have any scoring actions they performed be invalidated (aka they never happened).

Promptness

All fighters are expected to be ready to fight as soon as their match is called. This includes:

Not being ready when your match is called will result in a penalty. It may only be a few seconds to you, but it adds up over hundreds of matches! Be courteous to everyone's time and be ready to start with no delays.

Match Length

Point Cap

All matches will be conducted until a point cap of 7 points is reached.

Time Limit

Matches will run using a stopped clock. At no point will a hold be called based on the clock expiring, and all time-outs will be based on the current time after the director has called for an exchange to end.

If no fighter reaches the point cap before 90 seconds the match will enter overtime. If a fencer in the lead is awarded a point after overtime begins they will win the match. However if they are unable to gain a point then the match will continue. (Aka if you are behind after 90 seconds you still have the potential for a comeback over multiple exchanges. If you are winning after 90 seconds you need to only score a single point to seal the deal.)

Should the clock exceed 150 seconds (2.5 min) at the conclusion of an exchange the match will hit the hard-cap and the fighter with the higher score will be declared the winner.

Examples ↓

Bracket Advancement

After the conclusion of the pools the fighters will be ranked by indicator score. The top 50% will be advanced into a single elimination bracket.
(You can click on "How are the standings calculated?" at the bottom of the Pool Standings to see the ranking algorithm for any tournament.)

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Scoring Actions

Quality Standards

Points will be awarded for cuts/thrusts/slices/etc. in accordance with the rules of the individual tournaments. Scoring actions must display:

  1. Deliberate intent and targeting on the part of the attacker.
  2. Sufficient depth. Cuts with the tip of the sword or shallow thrusts are not scoring actions.
    Example ↓ Example ↓

Cuts

Cuts must be delivered with sufficient cutting plane, body structure, and blade arc.

Thrusts

Thrusts must demonstrate the ability to penetrate into the target beyond a superficial depth. This is at a bare minimum of at least 3” into the target and can be demonstrated by a bend of the blade or visible force reaction at the point of contact. Should a fighter deliberately shorten the extension of their arm to lower the force of a thrust it will also be considered as a quality attack.

It is understood that due to the design of HEMA masks a thrust to the mesh will have a high instance of being deflected on contact. It is further understood that the movement of a fighter may allow them to ‘roll out’ of contact from a thrust. A thrust that ‘glances off’ is a product of our protective gear, real sword points stick! (Though a thrust that misses and is pushed against the target with the flat is of course not valid, no matter how much the blade bends.)

Slices

Slices will only be considered as valid when performed against the upper opening and the arm (slices to the off-arm in 1h weapons do not count). The slice must show purposeful placement of the edge with sufficient force to display a clear reaction from the target. This may be demonstrated by pushing the target back at the point of contact, or simply preventing the target from being able to move freely. Drawing motion is not required, however note that this push requires a high degree of commitment, and is not simply sawing a blade back and forth on the body.

Pommel Strikes

Pommel strikes may be indicated to the mask, but making contact with any surface other than the front of the mask is illegal. Pommels must demonstrate deliberate and unimpeded action, as well as (if contacting the mesh) control of force.

Targets

Target Area Definitions

Upper opening”, for the purpose of these rules, includes both the head and cuts landing on the top of the torso, in an area from shoulder seam to shoulder seam. This is to both reduce judging error for head strikes, and reward fencing based on intention (fencing for high targets) rather than luck (they moved their head out of the way). Should there be any lack of clarity if a blow struck the “upper opening” or arm target area a default of arm shall be taken - because you already missed the head by a wide margin.

Arm strikes will also include hand strikes. A strike to the handle of the sword will be considered as a strike to the hands. Note that full quality requirements are also in place for strikes to the hands.

Torso is the remaining area above the waist, Leg is below the waist. (Typically indicated by the bottom of the jacket.)

The foot/ankle is an illegal target in all tournaments

In the event of disagreement from the judges on the target area struck the point value will be decided at the discretion of the director. Typically, this will take the form of an average point value.

Blade Grabs & Disarms

Disarms are (intentional or accidental) not scoring actions. A fighter must follow up a disarm with a valid scoring action. Should a fighter lose their weapon they may also concede a maximum point strike instead of attempting to enter distance for a grapple. (Running away is considered conceding.)

A blade may only be grabbed if it is not in motion, otherwise it will be counted as a scoring action to the hand. If the sword was in the process of attacking a high point value target, Target Substitution rules will apply.

Target Substitution

If an arm is struck and

  1. It is not currently holding the sword,
  2. The strike was likely to be a high value strike had it not hit the arm (cut/thrust head, thrust torso),

the attack will instead be registered against the higher value target. This is a point substitution, and not a warning/cardable offense.

Timing Of Actions

Double Hits

A double hit is defined as any time both fighters land valid scoring actions that were “in-flight” at the same time. It is possible for the hits to not be simultaneous, so long as the later hit was already moving forward when the first hit landed.

Double Hits are recorded as no match score for each fighter, and are factored into the overall indicator score. There is an increasing deduction for each double hit, cumulative over the entire pool. (-1/-2/-3/ etc).

If 3 double hits are recorded in a match:

If a double hit is very obviously the result of one party ignoring the threat of the opponent’s weapon an additional penalty will be assessed to this fighter.

Afterblow Definition

The afterblow is a valid scoring hit landing as the next action after a clean (aka non-double) hit. Any attack, step, or feint consumes the chance for an afterblow. An afterblow will deduct -1 from the point value of the initial attack’s score.

Pulling of Attacks

In just about all cases an attack that is “pulled” before it makes impact is not a valid scoring action. To be awarded points you must strike your opponent! (Though it is certainly considered good sportsmanship to strike as softly as possible when presented with an opening your opponent has no hope of defending.)

The exception to this rule is if their opponent has created an unsafe situation through their own actions (eg: expose back of the head, fall down). Should there be any risk to safety, for any reason, a fighter is expected to make every effort to pull back a strike in progress and/or not launch a strike to begin with. However, if a fighter can demonstrate they retained the wherewithal and capacity to launch an attack they will receive the maximum allowed point value for the exchange.

Note: Pommels strikes are an exception to this rule, and may be presented IF it is unambiguous that there is no obstacle to the target. (ie no hand in the way).

Should a dangerous situation arise due to an action outside of the fighter's control (eg: gear failure) both fighters should immediately stop fighting and any actions delivered during or after the safety hold will not be valid scoring actions.

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Equipment

In the interest of promoting a professional HEMA image we do not allow heavy armor (breast plates, ect) or fantasy styled armors. In addition no protruding/dangling objects may be added on to tournament protective equipment or masks, except for those which are intended as safety modifications (i.e. addition of additional protective plates). Any equipment which serves as a distraction to judges or participants (bells, inappropriate mask paint, etc) is not permitted. Disqualification of equipment rests at the discretion of the tournament manager, the event is under no obligation to allow you to use your custom or non-standard equipment.

All protective equipment and weapons must be inspected prior to competition. A fighter must show up to gear check wearing their equipment.

The following equipment is required for all sparring tournaments:

The equipment standards for the following are dictated by the weapon tournament:

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